Telogen Effluvium vs Hair Breakage
Reviewed by
Steven P., FAAD
Board-certified dermatologist
Updated on
Reviewed for accuracy
Table of Contents
What Is Hair Breakage?
Hair breakage refers to the physical snapping or splitting of the hair shaft. Unlike hair shedding, which involves the entire strand including the root, breakage occurs when the hair fiber itself becomes weak and fractures. This can happen anywhere along the length of the hair, but is often seen near the ends or at points where the hair is most vulnerable.
Common causes of hair breakage include excessive heat styling, chemical treatments, rough brushing, and environmental stressors. When the hair shaft is damaged, it loses its natural strength and elasticity, making it more susceptible to split ends and snapping. Breakage does not involve the hair follicle, so the root remains in the scalp. Recognizing hair breakage is important because it requires different care strategies compared to hair shedding or loss from the root.
85-90%
10-15%
6-12 months
Diffuse pattern
Telogen Effluvium vs Hair Breakage: Key Differences
Telogen effluvium and hair breakage are two distinct hair concerns, each with unique underlying mechanisms. Telogen effluvium is a type of hair loss that occurs when a significant number of hair follicles enter the telogen (resting) phase of the hair growth cycle prematurely. This leads to increased hair shedding, often noticed as more hair coming out during washing or brushing. The shedding is usually diffuse, meaning it affects the entire scalp rather than specific patches.
In contrast, hair breakage is not related to the hair growth cycle or the follicle itself. Instead, it results from physical or chemical damage to the hair shaft, causing the strand to snap. While telogen effluvium leads to hair coming out with the root attached, breakage leaves the root in place and only a portion of the strand is lost. Understanding these differences helps in choosing the right approach for treatment and prevention.
How to Tell Breakage from Shedding
Distinguishing between hair breakage and shedding is essential for addressing the underlying cause. One of the main ways to tell the difference is by examining the hair strand itself. Shed hairs typically have a small, white bulb at one end, which is the root that was released from the follicle. In contrast, broken hairs lack this bulb and often appear uneven or frayed at the ends.
Another clue is the length of the hair that is lost. Shed hairs are usually full-length strands, while broken hairs are often shorter and may vary in length. Observing where hair is found can also help: shedding tends to leave more hair in the shower drain or on your brush, while breakage may be more noticeable on clothing or pillowcases. Recognizing these signs can guide you toward the most effective hair care and treatment strategies.
Signs of Hair Shaft Breakage
Hair shaft breakage is characterized by the appearance of short, snapped strands throughout the hair. These broken pieces often have jagged or split ends and may stick out from the rest of the hair, creating a frizzy or uneven look. Split ends are a common sign of ongoing breakage, especially when the hair is dry or brittle.
Other indicators of hair shaft breakage include increased tangling, difficulty in styling, and a general lack of smoothness or shine. Hair that has been exposed to frequent heat styling, chemical processing, or harsh brushing is particularly prone to breakage. Protecting the hair shaft with gentle handling and proper conditioning can help reduce further damage.
White Bulb Hair: What Does It Mean?
Finding a white bulb at the end of a shed hair is a common concern. The white bulb is the part of the hair that was anchored in the follicle during the telogen phase. When hair naturally sheds, this bulb comes out with the strand, indicating that the hair loss is from the root and not due to breakage.
The presence of a white bulb does not necessarily signal unhealthy hair or scalp. In fact, it is a normal part of the hair growth cycle. However, if you notice a sudden increase in hairs with white bulbs, especially in a diffuse pattern, this may be a sign of telogen effluvium or another form of increased shedding. Monitoring the number and pattern of white bulb hairs can help you and your healthcare provider determine the cause of hair loss.
Split Ends and Hair Health
Split ends occur when the protective outer layer of the hair shaft becomes damaged and the strand splits into two or more fragments. This is a classic sign of hair breakage and is often caused by mechanical stress, heat styling, or chemical treatments. Split ends can travel up the hair shaft, leading to further weakening and breakage if not addressed.
Regular trimming and gentle hair care routines are important for managing split ends and maintaining overall hair health. Using hydrating conditioners and minimizing exposure to damaging practices can help prevent split ends from forming.
Diffuse Shedding: Causes and Signs
Diffuse shedding refers to hair loss that occurs evenly across the entire scalp, rather than in isolated patches. This pattern is a hallmark of telogen effluvium. The most common triggers for diffuse shedding include physical or emotional stress, severe illness, surgery, childbirth, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, and certain medications.
Signs of diffuse shedding include an increase in the amount of hair found on pillows, in the shower, or on brushes, along with noticeable thinning throughout the scalp. Unlike breakage, the shed hairs are full-length and often have a white bulb at the end. If you are experiencing diffuse shedding, it may be helpful to review common causes and symptoms at Telogen Effluvium Symptoms.
Hair Regrowth After Telogen Effluvium
The prognosis for hair regrowth after telogen effluvium is generally positive. Once the underlying trigger is identified and addressed, most people begin to notice regrowth within 6 to 12 months. The new hair may initially appear finer or shorter, but over time it thickens and blends with the rest of the hair.
It is important to be patient during the regrowth process, as hair cycles take time to normalize. Chronic or recurrent telogen effluvium can occur if the trigger is not resolved, but in most cases, hair returns to its normal growth pattern.
Caring for Hair: Tips to Reduce Both Shedding and Breakage
Proper hair care can help minimize both shedding from telogen effluvium and hair shaft breakage. Gentle handling is key: avoid aggressive brushing, especially when hair is wet, and use a wide-tooth comb to detangle. Limit the use of heat styling tools and chemical treatments, as these can weaken the hair shaft and increase the risk of breakage.
Maintaining a balanced diet rich in essential nutrients supports healthy hair growth and reduces the risk of shedding due to nutritional deficiencies. Using hydrating shampoos and conditioners, protecting hair from environmental stressors, and trimming split ends regularly can further enhance hair strength.
FAQ
What causes telogen effluvium?
Telogen effluvium is triggered when a large number of hair follicles enter the telogen (resting) phase prematurely. Common causes include physical or emotional stress, severe illness, surgery, childbirth, nutritional deficiencies, hormonal changes, certain medications, infections, and environmental factors. Addressing the underlying cause is key to recovery.
How can I tell if my hair is breaking or shedding?
Examine the hair strand: shed hairs usually have a white bulb at the end and are full-length, while broken hairs are shorter, lack the bulb, and may have frayed or jagged ends. Shedding is often diffuse and noticed during washing or brushing, while breakage is more apparent on clothing or pillowcases.
Can split ends cause hair to look thinner?
Yes, split ends can make hair appear thinner and less healthy. When the hair shaft splits, it can lead to further breakage, resulting in uneven lengths and a reduction in overall hair volume. Regular trims and gentle care help prevent split ends and maintain thickness.
Are white bulbs a sign of healthy or unhealthy hair?
White bulbs at the end of shed hairs are a normal part of the hair growth cycle and do not indicate unhealthy hair. They show that the hair has completed its natural cycle and was released from the follicle. However, a sudden increase in white bulb hairs may signal increased shedding, such as in telogen effluvium.
How long does it take for hair to regrow after telogen effluvium?
Most people experience hair regrowth within 6 to 12 months after the trigger for telogen effluvium is addressed. The regrowth process may vary depending on individual health and the underlying cause.
Do stress and diet affect both breakage and shedding?
Yes, both stress and poor nutrition can contribute to increased hair shedding and make the hair shaft more vulnerable to breakage. Managing stress and ensuring a balanced diet with adequate nutrients are important for overall hair health and resilience.
Will my hair come back to normal?
In most cases, hair returns to its normal growth cycle once the underlying cause of telogen effluvium or breakage is resolved. Recovery may take several months, but regrowth is usually possible with proper care and management.
Should I stop using heat on my hair if I have breakage?
Reducing or avoiding heat styling is recommended if you are experiencing hair breakage. Excessive heat can weaken the hair shaft, increase split ends, and worsen breakage. Allowing hair to air dry and using heat protectant products can help minimize damage.
Fact Checked
Updated: December 30, 2025
Reviewed for accuracy against authoritative clinical sources and peer reviewed dermatology references. Educational content only.
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Reviewed by
Steven P., FAAD
Board-certified dermatologist
Updated on
Reviewed for accuracy
